Scientific Information

Diabetes: A Hormonal Disease Diabetes is a hormonal disease. But what are these hormonal disorders? Let's talk about it in detail today.  Various glands in our body continue to make muscle chemicals and add them to the blood stream.These chemicals are called hormones. These hormones play an important role in the body. Such as growing hair on your head, bringing a beard on the face of men, bringing the menstrual cycle of women on time, sexual desire, digesting food and many such tasks. Both a decrease in the production of these hormones or an excess of physiological needs brings negative changes in your body. As the glands in the throat produce a chemical called thyroid, if it is damaged, the heartbeat becomes irregular. constipation persists, Decreased sexual desire. In the same way, our pancreas releases a hormone called insulin. The main function of which is to keep the amount of sugar in the human blood stream at a normal level. When you eat for a long time When y...

We know the story of Electron. Now we come to its opposite i.e. Proton. How we found it and know more about it. When the electron was discovered and it was also discovered that there is a negative charge on the electron. And at the same time we also knew that the atom is a modified particle. So now there were two types of possibilities. One is that if the atom is a modified particle and the electron that is present in the atom has a negative charge, then for adjustment it is necessary that there should be another particle in the atom that has a positive charge, that cancels the negative charge of the electron. The second is that the presence of a negative charge on an electron is a lie. Now, to declare one of these two as correct, various scientists started struggling. Among them, E Goldstein set up an experiment in 1886. The experimental setup of this experiment was exactly like a cathode ridge except that the porous cathode was used here and secondly, the pressure was 0.001atm  E...

 Should I use a free VPN? By: Saqib Ali At this time, everyone around the world tries to protect their privacy on the Internet, its data should be safe and at the same time the restrictions imposed by the government should be easily bypassed.  The rise of this trend in Pakistan for a year is not a new news. The famous magazine Forbes has reported an increase in the use of VPNs in Pakistan by 400 percent, including the closure of X (Twitter) behind it. »How do VPNs work?  To answer this question, let's talk a little about VPN first. If you use the Internet from DSL at home, you create a network with a home device that includes other mobiles and computers. The traffic on this network passes through this device, which means that any other person who is on the network and has a specific software can see everyone's traffic. But if a person is using a VPN on this network, his traffic will be encrypted, but it will be known that this person is using a VPN and it can also be asce...

  Rift valley of Iceland This image is of a valley in Iceland that is part of the Thingvellir National Park - this valley is not formed by the erosion of a river but by the moving of tectonic plates away from each other - at this point two tectonic plates are separated from each other - on the right is the Eurasian plate which consists of Asia and Europe while on the left The North American plate is composed of the continent of North America - most of the boundary of these plates is at the bottom of the sea so usually not visible - but in Iceland this boundary passes right in the middle of the country The Eurasian Plate is sliding to the right due to the movement of underground magma while the North American Plate is sliding to the left, which is also expanding the valley and increasing its depth - this type of valley is Rift valley. is done because such valleys are due to the rift of tectonic plates ie moving away from each other are formed. These plates are moving away from each ...

Death Valley , situated primarily in Inyo County, southeastern California, United States, is recognized as the lowest, hottest, and driest region within the North American continent. Spanning approximately 140 miles (225 km) in length, it trends predominantly north-south and measures between 5 to 15 miles (8 to 24 km) in width. The valley is delineated on the west by the Panamint Range and on the east by the Black, Funeral, and Grapevine mountains of the Amargosa Range. It is located near the undefined border between the Great Basin and the Mojave Desert. Geologically, Death Valley constitutes a segment of the southwesternmost part of the Great Basin. It shares similarities with other structural basins in the area but stands out for its depth. Parts of the great salt pan that make up the valley's floor represent the lowest elevations of the Americas. Approximately 550 square miles (1,425 square km) of the valley's surface are situated below sea level. A point in the Badwater Ba...

What is Lunar Soil or Moon Dust? Lunar soil, also known as lunar regolith, is the layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering the solid bedrock of the Moon’s surface. Unlike terrestrial soil, which includes organic materials and moisture, lunar soil is entirely inorganic, composed of small particles created over billions of years by processes such as meteorite impacts and volcanic activity. Composition The composition of lunar soil is complex and varies depending on the location on the Moon's surface. Key components include: Silicate Glass : A significant portion of lunar soil consists of tiny shards of silicate glass formed by the intense heat and pressure from micrometeorite impacts. These impacts melt the lunar rock, which then cools rapidly to form glassy particles. Minerals : Lunar soil contains a variety of minerals, including olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar. These minerals are common in basaltic rocks, which make up much of the Moon's mare (dark plains) r...

How to refresh the mind? Usually the frequency of our brain is 14 to 30 htz۔ We run our brains on this frequency almost all day۔ With this frequency of the brain we communicate, work, express emotions and think carefully۔ When the brain is at this frequency, it is called Beta State of mind, and in this state, the rays coming out of the mind are called Beta waves۔ When we are thinking of something lost or an event or some fantasy in our thoughts at some part of the day, then the frequency of our brain decreases to 8 to 14 Hz۔ Or when we are going to sleep, the state of drowsiness is getting worse, even then our brain has the same frequency۔ It is called Alpha state of mind and the rays coming out in this state are called Alpha waves۔ The quality of light sleep is called Theta State of mind and its frequency is 4 to 8 htz۔ Dreams also come in this frequency۔ Deep sleep is called Delta State of Mind, its frequency is 1 to 4 htz۔ No dream comes in this frequency۔ Characteristics of Alpha S...

A crow is an intelligent bird, it knows how to find food by using the small twigs of a tree as tools۔ If the thieves and robbers take him into confidence, maybe they will open the lock of the biggest bank. The brain of a crow contains 1.5 billion neurons and the same number of neurons are found in many monkey species, but there is a difference here۔ The brain of a crow and the brain of a monkey are very different in size۔ All these neurons inside this tiny brain are very close and pack, meaning the foot signals move from side to side and the communication or interaction of the brain's neurons is very good۔ This is the reason why you bend to pick up the stone, then the crow has flown on the other side۔ Its IQ level is very high and experts consider its ability to think and understand as equal to the thinking ability of a child of seven years۔ Various experiments were conducted on crows in the laboratory and games were compiled where crows took out stones through straws from eight pl...

Multiverse Theory (Multiverse Theory) says that our universe is not the only one but many other universes also exist۔ These universes are called "universe" and the sum of them all is called "multi-verse۔ There are various versions of the multiverse theory, some of which are popular: Quantum Multiverse : According to quantum mechanics, a separate universe exists for every possible event۔ That is, if a decision is made at any point, then separate universes come into existence for both possibilities Cosmological Multiverse : This theory says that the Big Bang resulted in many universes, which are completely separate from each other۔ String Theory Multiverse : According to string theory, different types of multiverse can exist in which the laws of physics may differ . The time travel paradox is controversial issues related to the theory of time travel۔ The most popular paradoxes are: Grandfather Paradox: This paradox says that if a person goes back and kills his grandfath...

The life span of  Blood cells, especially Red Blood Cells, is about 120 days۔ They then become inoperable and the Spleen in the body filters them out and releases them۔ Old red blood cells break down in the spleen and occasionally in the liver۔ During this process, the components of hemoglobin are divided into Heme and Globin۔ The globin is broken down into protein components and reused, while the Heme forms iron and Bilirubin۔ Iron is reused in the body, while Bilirubin goes into the liver, where it is converted to Bile۔ Bileurobin is secreted into the small intestine by the Bile Duct, where it is converted to Urobilinogen۔ Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed into the blood and converted into Urobilin by the kidneys and excreted with urine, while the rest is converted into Stercobilin by the intestines and excreted with feces۔ Through this process, the body not only gets rid of old and dysfunctional blood cells, but also reuses their components to form new blood cells۔ This system is ...

Nosebleeds, also known as epistaxis , occur when blood vessels inside the nose break and bleed. Here’s a detailed look at nosebleeds: A nosebleed is the loss of blood from the tissue lining the inside of your nose. It can occur in one or both nostrils and is usually not serious. Causes Nosebleeds can be caused by a variety of factors, including: Dry air: This is the most common cause, as it dries out the nasal membranes. Nasal trauma : Such as picking your nose, blowing your nose too hard, or an injury. Medications : Blood thinners like aspirin and warfarin can increase the risk. Allergies and infections : Conditions like sinusitis and rhinitis can irritate the nasal lining. Environmental irritants: Such as smoke, chemicals, or strong odors. Underlying health conditions: High blood pressure, blood clotting disorders, and certain genetic conditions. Effects While most nosebleeds are minor, they can sometimes lead to complications if not treated properly: Dizziness and weakness: Due ...

There are three types of cells in the blood. These are red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.The largest number of cells in the blood are red blood cells. The lifespan of red blood cells is 120 days. That is, after 120 days, the old red blood cells in the blood disappear and they are replaced by new red blood cells.   The color of our blood is red because of red blood cells. In fact, a protein called hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and this protein is responsible for giving red color to the Red Blood Cells and to the Blood also. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, have several important functions in the body: Transport oxygen : Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues through the circulatory system. This is possible because red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that binds to oxygen. Hemoglobin also gives red blood cells their red color. Remove waste : Red blood cells also transport waste products, like carbon di...

The functions of both the thyroid and thymus glands are quite different, but the names are very similar to each other, their place is also around each other. The thyroid gland is present in the throat and the thymus is hidden right between the breasts i.e. between the two lungs. Thyroid Gland The thyroid is an endocrine gland that makes the thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the bottom of the neck. A normal healthy thyroid gland may not be obvious outside the throat, but a damaged thyroid can be felt protruding from the neck. Thyroid hormone helps control the body's metabolism system, such as indigestion due to thyroid disorders can include chest pain, lack of acidic substances in the stomach or too much excess, constipation, stones, anemia, and overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine.  The thyroid gland has a significant effect on the gastrointestinal system. Many people feel cold in the heat and heat in the winter and many people feel cold ...

How the organisms living in the deep ocean can withstand the pressure of the water? Deep-sea creatures are a group of organisms that live in the deepest parts of the ocean and are adapted to life under extreme environmental conditions. The abyssal zone encompasses the portion of the ocean floor located below 6,000 meters. Deep-sea creatures have remarkable adaptations that allow them to survive the crushing water pressure thousands of feet below the ocean surface. Here’s how they do it: Before diving, many deep-sea animals exhale most of the air in their lungs, retaining only about 10% of the oxygen. Their lungs collapse under pressure, minimizing air pockets and reducing available oxygen. Some creatures slow their heart rate (as low as 4 beats per minute) or stop breathing temporarily. Reduced movement, such as gliding instead of swimming, conserves oxygen. Certain deep-sea organisms, like giant amphipods and Mariana snailfish, have piezolytes. These organic molecules prevent cellular...

Motion sickness Motion sickness  is a condition that occurs when your brain receives conflicting signals from your ears, eyes, and other sensory receptors regarding movement. Here are the key points: Definition : Motion sickness is a feeling of sickness induced by motion, resulting in symptoms like nausea and vomiting.It commonly occurs during travel by car, train, airplane, boat, or amusement park rides. Causes : The conflict between visually perceived movement and the movement sensed by the vestibular system (inner ear) leads to motion sickness. Examples include reading in a moving vehicle or experiencing a roller coaster ride. Symptoms : Queasy feeling Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Discomfort Headache Increased saliva production Remedies and Prevention : Choose a comfortable seat (front seats provide a smoother ride). Look straight ahead at a fixed point (such as the horizon). Avoid activities like reading or watching movies during travel. Keep vents or windows open for fresh air. O...

The Curious Case of the Hiccup: A Physiological Hiccup Hiccups. Those involuntary spasms that leave us gasping for air and emitting a comical "hic" sound. While a source of amusement for onlookers, they can be quite frustrating for the afflicted. But what exactly causes this disruption to our normal breathing rhythm? This essay delves into the science behind the hiccup, exploring its causes, consequences, and potential cures. The key player in the hiccup drama is the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle separating the chest cavity from the abdomen. During normal breathing, the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, drawing air into the lungs and expelling it. In a hiccup, however, an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm occurs, followed by a sudden closure of the vocal cords. This rapid closure produces the characteristic "hic" sound we associate with hiccups. The reasons behind these involuntary contractions are not entirely clear, but several factors are suspected to tri...

  The Scorching Grip of Summer: Understanding Heat Waves Heat waves, periods of abnormally high temperatures lasting for several days, are a growing concern in a warming world. While seemingly a natural extension of summer, these extreme weather events can pose significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Let's delve deeper into the science behind heat waves, their far-reaching impacts, and potential solutions to mitigate their effects. Heat waves occur when high-pressure systems trap warm air over a particular region for extended periods. This stagnant air mass compresses and heats up further due to the lack of rising air currents. Additionally, factors like reduced cloud cover allow for more solar radiation to reach the ground, intensifying the heat. The specific criteria for a heat wave vary depending on location and typical climate. However, it generally involves temperatures exceeding average highs for several consecutive days. The consequences of heat ...